Monograph: Nettle

Botanical Name:

Urtica dioica

Common Names:
Nettle, Stinging Nettle, Common Nettle

Family:
Urticaceae

Plant Description:
A perennial herb reaching 60–150 cm in height. Hollow, serrated, heart-shaped leaves are opposite and covered in stinging hairs (trichomes). Small greenish flowers bloom in hanging clusters. Male and female flowers are found on separate plants (dioecious).

Habitat & Cultivation:
Thrives in temperate regions across Europe, North America, and parts of Asia. Favors nitrogen-rich soils, woodland edges, disturbed areas, and pastures. Readily self-seeds and spreads through rhizomes. Can be cultivated in moist, partly shaded areas with good drainage.

Parts Used:
Leaves, stems, roots, and seeds (depending on purpose)

Harvesting:

• Leaves & stems: Spring to early summer, before flowering. Harvest young tops with gloves to avoid stings.
• Roots: Late autumn or early spring, cleaned and dried.
• Seeds: Collected when mature, typically late summer to early fall.

Traditional Uses:

• Spring tonic and blood cleanser
• Nourishing remedy for anemia and fatigue
• Supportive herb for joint pain and rheumatism
• Topical use for urticaria (counter-irritant)
• Galactagogue to support milk production

Modern Applications:

• Supports urinary tract and prostate health
• Used as a nutrient-dense food or tea (rich in iron, calcium, vitamins A & C)
• Anti-inflammatory applications for arthritis
• May reduce symptoms of seasonal allergies (hay fever)
• Supports healthy hair, skin, and nails

Preparations:

• Infusion (tea): Fresh or dried leaves
• Tincture: Alcohol extraction of leaves or root
• Capsules: Dried leaf or root powder
• Poultice: Fresh leaves (after deactivation of sting)
• Vinegar: Preserves minerals, supports digestion

Dosage:

• Infusion: 1–3 cups daily (1 tsp dried leaf per cup boiling water)
• Tincture: 2–4 mL, 2–3 times daily
• Capsules: Follow manufacturer guidelines (usually 300–500 mg, 2–3x/day)
• Seeds: ¼ to ½ tsp daily, gradually increasing as tolerated

Constituents:
Chlorophyll, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), vitamins A, C, K, and B-complex, calcium, iron, potassium, silica, sterols, polysaccharides, histamine, acetylcholine, formic acid, serotonin, lignans (in root)

Mechanism of Action:

• Anti-inflammatory via inhibition of prostaglandins and cytokines
• Diuretic and depurative actions support elimination of waste
• Nutrient-dense profile replenishes depleted systems
• Root may inhibit 5-alpha reductase (supports prostate health)
• Antioxidant flavonoids stabilize cell membranes and reduce allergic response

Safety & Contraindications:

• Generally well tolerated when used appropriately
• Avoid during pregnancy unless under supervision (due to potential uterine stimulation)
• May interact with diuretics or blood sugar-lowering medications
• Use caution in individuals with kidney disorders when consuming large quantities
• Stinging hairs may cause skin irritation unless handled carefully or cooked

Historical Context or Folklore:
Long revered in European folk medicine as a symbol of vitality and renewal. Used since ancient times to purify the blood and stimulate the body after winter. Romans reportedly flogged themselves with nettles to warm the body and treat joint pain. Traditional food in springtime fasting and purification rites.

References to Scripture (if applicable):
While not mentioned directly in Scripture, the biblical principle of God providing healing from the earth (Ezekiel 47:12) reflects the traditional use of nourishing herbs like nettle.

German Common Name:
Brennnessel

Other Notes:

• Cooking or drying neutralizes the sting
• Excellent companion plant in gardens—improves soil and attracts beneficial insects
• Historically used in textiles and rope-making due to strong fibers in the stems

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